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Downtown Eastside
Community Health Service Area
Health Profile (Version 2.0)

Glossary

Age-standardization: An age-standardized rate is a rate that would have existed if the population had the same age distribution as the selected reference population. The Community Health Service Area (CHSA) health profiles uses the 2011 Canadian standard population weights provided by the BC Ministry of Health as the reference population. Chronic disease incidence and prevalence rates have been age-standardized using the direct standardization method with five-year age groups.

Collective dwelling: Refers to a dwelling of a commercial, institutional or communal nature. It may be identified by a sign on the premises or by an enumerator speaking with the person in charge, a resident, a neighbour, etc. Included are lodging or rooming houses, hotels, motels, tourist establishments, nursing homes, hospitals, staff residences, military bases, work camps, jails, group homes, and so on.

3221 Downtown Eastside

Crude rates: These rates represent the number of cases in a specific geographic region divided by the population or population-at-risk in that region. Crude rates represent the burden of disease in the population and are not adjusted to the standard population.

Incidence: The number of people newly diagnosed with a condition in a population during a specific time period is called the incidence. Incidence is often presented as a rate – the number of people who get sick with a disease or condition divided by the number of people at risk of getting sick in a specified time frame.

Prevalence: The total number of people living with a condition in a population during a specific time period is called the prevalence. Prevalence differs from incidence in that it includes people who have been living with the condition for one or more years. Prevalence is often presented as a rate – the number of people living with a condition divided by the total population in a specified time frame.

Primary Care Network: A Primary Care Network (PCN) consists of a network of clinicians from multiple medical disciplines engaged in team-based practice. PCNs act as a hub to connect healthcare providers, streamline referrals, and provide better support for health practitioners. PCNs are part of the BC Ministry of Health's vision for a more integrated and effective primary care system in B.C.

Primary Care Network community: A PCN community is composed of one or more PCNs that provide services to a geographic region. These geographic regions are amalgamations of CHSAs.

Recent immigrant: Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canada. In the CHSA health profiles, recent immigrants are individuals who, at the time of the Canadian Census 2016 (May 10th), had immigrated to Canada within the past five years.

Refugee: Refugees are immigrants who were granted permanent resident status because they can no longer return to their home country for fear of persecution due to their race, religion, nationality, social group membership or political opinion. Refugee can also refer to individuals who have been affected by civil war or armed conflict or have suffered a serious human rights violation and are resettling in Canada.

Underemployment: Underemployment is defined as the condition in which the hours of work of an employed person are insufficient in relation to an alternative employment situation in which the person is willing and available to engage. This includes the share of part-time workers who would prefer to be working full-time.[56]

References

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Falk, D. E., Yi, H. Y., & Hiller-Sturmhöfel, S. (2006). An epidemiologic analysis of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use and disorders: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alcohol research & health, 29(3), 162–171.
Kranzler, H. R., & Rosenthal, R. N. (2003). Dual diagnosis: alcoholism and co-morbid psychiatric disorders. The American journal on addictions, 12(s1), s26–s40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00494.x
Tsai, J., Floyd, R. L., & O’Connor, M. J. (2008). Paradigms for alcohol use and co-occurring behavioral health risk factors among women of childbearing age. In K. I. DiGuarde, & K. I. DiGuarde (Ed.), Binge Drinking Research Progress (pp. 87-100). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators. (2022). Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. Lancet, 400(10347), 185-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9
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3221 Downtown Eastside
Emery, C.A., Black, A.M., Kolstad, A., Martinez, G., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kissick, J., Maddocks, D., Tator, C., Aubry, M., Dvořák, J., Nagahiro, S., Schneider, K. What strategies can be used to effectively reduce the risk of concussion in sport? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jun;51(12):978-984. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097452.
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Oakey, M., Evans, D.C., Copley, T.T., Karbakhsh, M., Samarakkody, D., Brubacher, J.R., Pawer, S., Zheng, A., Rajabali, F., Fyfe, M., Pike, I. Development of Policy-Relevant Indicators for Injury Prevention in British Columbia by the Key Decision-Makers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 11;18(22):11837. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182211837.
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Data Sources

BC Cancer. (2022). BC Cancer Registry, 2016-2020.

BC Centre for Disease Control. (2021). BC COVID-19 SPEAK Round 1 (2020) and Round 2 (2021) Surveys.

BC Centre for Disease Control. (2022). BC's Index of Multiple Deprivation for Community Health Service Areas.

B.C. Ministry of Health. (2021). Chronic Disease Registry, 2020/21.

B.C. Ministry of Health. (2021). Attachment to primary care provider by CHSA, 2020/21.

Perinatal Services BC. British Columbia Perinatal Data Registry. Years Provided: 01/01/2020 to 31/12/2020. Resource Type: Tabulated Data. Data Provided on May 26, 2022.

BC Stats. (2021). Population Projections, Years 2021-2041.

McGill University. (2019). Canadian Active Living Environments, 2016. Retrieved from https://nancyrossresearchgroup.ca.

Statistics Canada. (2018). 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X201001.

Acknowledgements

The Community Health Services Area (CHSA) Health Profiles were developed by the BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, in support of the development of primary care networks (PCNs) and community-level healthy living strategies across B.C. The B.C. Ministry of Health’s primary prevention strategy recognizes the importance of local interests in supporting the creation of environments that promote healthy living.

These profiles will help inform healthcare partners, public health partners, local governments and community organizations on the health and well-being of their communities. As such, the profiles will continue to be updated as data and resources become available to address the changing needs of the communities. Thank you to all of our partners who have contributed to the development of these profiles.

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